paul and peter differences

Noah Perez 54 Followers I am a Catholic author who writes apologetical, Biblical, and Spiritual articles. Peter preached that Israel received the new covenant by the crucifixion and shed blood of Jesus (Matthew 26:28 1 Peter 1:2 1 Peter 1:19 Acts 3:18 1 Peter 2:24 Acts 3:25). Peter preached holiness, and to remain steadfast unto the coming of Jesus and his kingdom (, Paul and works: Paul taught salvation without works (, Peter and the church: Peter preached to Israel (Acts 3:12). Peter dominates the gospel stories, and Paul, who converts to Christianity much later, dominates the rest of the New Testament with his prolific letter writing. Peter is to Paul in Acts what John the Baptist is to Jesus in the Gospels. Robert L. (Bob)Deffinbaugh graduated from Dallas Theological Seminary with his Th.M. 1 Corinthians 15:1-4 - "Now I would r, Paul did not preach a dead works faith . Peter and the others were untrained and ignorant men (Acts 4:13), while Paul was a man of great learning. The principle of plurality can be seen at work in the ministry of the twelve apostles. Paul and works: Paul taught salvation without works (Titus 3:5Romans 4:6Ephesians 2:8-9). Peter was primarily the Apostle to Israel (Galatians 2:8). "And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled." The Roman authority would have killed him if prisoners had escaped. Paul did not preach a dead works faith . Peter could remember Jesus as a teacher and a . Bob is a pastor/teacher and elder at Community Bible Chapel in Richardson, Texas, and has contributed many of his Bible study series for use by the Foundation. But when they stood before the church in Jerusalem, they toned down their demands, insisting only that it was necessary to be circumcised and to observe the Law of Moses. There were significant differences between Peter and Paul. This Hilarious Card Game Will Keep You In Holy Stitches (and Out of Confession)! It was through the zeal of a few noble saints who could not keep the faith to themselves: 19 So then those who were scattered because of the persecution that arose in connection with Stephen made their way to Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except to Jews alone. 2) Is it being suggested Paul did not preach justification unto eternal life by believing in the name of Jesus, by believing Jesus is Christ the Son of God? Farewell (Acts 15:28-29). "But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, 'Do thyself no harm: for we are all here.'" He pulls no punches and at times he seems to be shouting out his arguments at breakneck speed with a strident and emotional tone. Powered by Invision Community. Along with EpicPew, Justin has written for Aleteia, Ave Maria Press, Catholic Exchange, Catholic365, the journal Church Life, Our Sunday Visitor, and various other publications. They looked upon Gentiles as sinners and upon themselves as saints (2:15). In Acts 6, things begin to change as the leadership of the church begins to shift from the native Hebrews (those Jews born in Israel) to the Hellenistic Jews (those Jews born elsewhere whose native language and culture was foreign). Paul was raised up to offset the legalism not only of the heretics but also of the Jerusalem Jewish church leaders, including the apostles. Paul in his epistles reveal the mysteries and doctrine for the church today. It may not be the case that, as Peter Heylyn asserted, that the phrase arose from the borrowing of money from one church to . Paul is known to us as the apostle of grace, but Peter was an apostle of grace too. How often I have seen a Christian wife fail to rebuke her husband for sin, as the Scriptures instruct her, because her husband is in authority over her. Our conviction also is that Peters words reflect not only Pauls apostolic authority, but also Peters acknowledgment of the tremendous impact Paul had on the church and on the gospel. Its existence would take much of the pleasure out of my sin, because I would know that someday I will have to pay the price. Peter and Paul: What was their Relationship? What might one find hard to understand, or rather, hard to accept in Pauls writings? 4:1-8; Gal. Very, very little. Galatians 2:4) is not altogether clear. Peter was primarily the Apostle to Israel (Galatians 2:8). If Acts description of the relationship between Paul and Peter and the other disciples/apostles, leaves us troubled concerning the apostles response to the Jewish heretics and the all too closely related legalistic Jewish Christians, Pauls words in Galatians 1 and 2 do little to give us comfort concerning this situation. Your answer was very good. Paul preaches the gospel by which we are saved today. We dare not ignore sin in the name of submission. Even those with the same spiritual gift each have a unique calling and role to play (1 Corinthians 12:4-6). It is not surprising that the churches that were founded were led by a plurality of elders. 21 And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a large number who believed turned to the Lord (Acts 11:19-21). As Paul will demonstrate in Romans 9-11, the Old Testament clearly foretold this, and so did our Lord. But it was not said that this was necessary for salvation, as had been previously demanded. It was determined that they didn't. ). I am puzzled that the Jerusalem Jewish saints do not seem to take a prominent role in this conflict. In some ways the Jerusalem saints and their leaders seem to be more tolerant of the false brethren than they do of their Gentile brethren, or of men like Paul and Barnabas and others who preach to the Gentiles. Contrary to his preferences and prejudices, Peter will play a crucial part in Gods purpose to involve the apostles in Jerusalem in the evangelism of Gentiles. And by his actions, Peter influenced others to do likewise. After his conversion Paul was given revelations from the Lord Jesus Christ; Paul did not learn from any man including the twelve Apostles (, ). Below are the differences between the gospels and Apostleship's of Peter and Paul. I do hope that's not what you intend to argue because I can find about a dozen places in Paul's epistles where Paul preached belief in the name of Jesus. I got a title for your next post . Add both to Cart. Peter very well was unable to read, while Paul was highly educated and an extensive writer (having given us thirteen of the twenty-seven books of the New Testament: Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon). The more that we learn about how God called Peter and Paul (despite their greatly distinct gifts, talents, abilities, and other circumstances), the better capable we are of fathoming how he wants to do likewise in our own lives. This decision sanctioned segregated schools, so long as the schools were equal. It was finally struck down by a 1954 ruling of the high court (Brown v. the School Board of Topeka). Why Barnabas and Paul rather than Paul and Barnabas? The order of these two names reflects the ranking of these two men in the minds of the speakers (or writers). So let all raise those hands and praise the LORD . 76 The NEB renders this expression, though they contain some obscure passages.. Peter was one of the three in the inner circle of our Lord (Peter, James, and John). They should be biblically and doctrinally right. Instead, it led to a riot and ultimately took Paul, in chains, to stand before Caesar in Rome. Promise of an heavenly position in Gods universal dominion. In chapter 2, we are told that the church devoted themselves to the apostles [plural] teaching (verse 42), not the apostles [i.e. Those who believed their gospels are in Christ. Peter's Apostleship was . When the church at Antioch was born, the church in Jerusalem sent Barnabas to minister to these new believers (11:22). The principle of plurality applies not only to the origination of Scripture (authorship) but also to its recognition and interpretation. There is wholeness only as all of the individual members of the body of Christ are a functional part of the church: 14 For He Himself is our peace, who made both [groups into] one, and broke down the barrier of the dividing wall, 15 by abolishing in His flesh the enmity, [which is] the Law of commandments [contained] in ordinances, that in Himself He might make the two into one new man, [thus] establishing peace (Ephesians 2:14-15, emphasis mine). Dispensationalism viewis false doctrine that would divide believing Jews and Gentiles. In so doing, Paul fulfills the purpose of God for him revealed at the time of his salvation: 15 But the Lord said to him, Go, for he is a chosen instrument of Mine, to bear My name before the Gentiles and kings and the sons of Israel; 16 for I will show him how much he must suffer for My names sake (Acts 9:15-16). Having come to the final verses of 2 Peter (2 Peter 3:13-18), our study of these verses will be carried out in three parts: (1) Peters endorsement of Pauls writings, (2) Peters warning of Scripture twisters. Peter's Apostleship was diminishing after Paul was converted. Paul's feelings about the attack on his authority and the gospel are reflected in his pejorative choice of words to describe the situation in Galatia. When Paul preached the gospel of the grace of God, Peter's gospel of the kingdom to Israel was limited to the circumcision. 51 Spiritual superiority could not be claimed by the Jewish Christians if they were saved in exactly the same manner as the Gentiles. Pauls writings are completely consistent with the Old Testament Scriptures and with the New Testament Scriptures, but Paul was also privileged to reveal things which were not clear until this point in time. Peter's gospel faded away as Israel was diminished and is not the gospel that is preached today. Did Paul and Peter preach the same gospel? All of the Jerusalem disciples seem to be racially biased with respect to the Gentiles and far too tolerant of the errors and even heresies Jewish legalists sought to impose of the church. The salvation of many Gentiles brought about a problem so serious that the Jewish leaders of the Jerusalem church, which included both the apostles and the elders, could not ignore it. But even when they reluctantly acknowledged the truth, only a handful of unknown Hellenistic Jews actually shared their faith with Gentiles (Acts 11:19-21). St. Paul was educated. But we are not told to accept everything a leader says or does simply because they are a leader. (4) Putting the principle of submission in perspective. Copyright 1999-2022 Worthy Christian Forums - A division of Worthy Ministries. Paul is regarded as such by Peter, and he should be so regarded by all the saints. April 15, 2019 in General Discussion. The church collectively embracing an interpretation gives much more weight to that interpretation. Consider the following ways Peters reference here to Paul applies to the church and to individual saints. Paul was a well-travelled man of the world, a man who knew more than one language or culture. You can then take a stand on these simple, precious, timeless Bible truths, truths hidden by religious tradition and theological speculation! The Jerusalem Council did endorse Barnabas and Saul and disassociate themselves with those who had gone out to Antioch insisting that Gentile converts be circumcised. He distanced himself from the Gentile believers, and this out of fear for the party of the circumcision (2:12). Neither Peter, nor his fellow-disciples, nor Paul, were infallible. Peter preached to Israel repentance and baptism for the remission of sins (Acts 2:38). Paul preaches the gospel by which we are saved today. He taught their reward was stored in heaven but not in heaven (1 Peter 1:4). They are willing to take the initiative in dealing with Paul, but not so willing to take on the legalists, indeed, even the Jewish heretics such as we saw in Acts 15:1. You can learn more about Saint Peter and Pauls conversions, and how the Lord used their situations to call them to serve his kingdom, by reading the Catholic Encyclopedias entries on Saint Peter and Saint Paul. No one possesses all the gifts. Paul and heaven: Paul taught the church seated with Christ in heavenly places (Ephesians 2:6). Both Peter and Paul were ordained of God to preach the gospel. Israel would be a light for salvation unto the Gentile nations that would enter the kingdom (Isaiah 42:6). Copyright 1999-2022 Worthy Christian Forums - A division of Worthy Ministries. As in Jayne . Here are the comparisons and contrasts of the Apostle Paul: A. Both Peter and Paul were ordained of God to preach the gospel. As an unbeliever, Paul was an extremist and hardly less as a Christian. These men would become two of the Churchs greatest saints from the apostolic era. Peter's gospel faded away as Israel was diminished, and is not the gospel that is preached today. Even though we have come this far, we are only just beginning to grasp the point Peter strives to make with its implications. We see the principle of plurality applied to leadership in the Scriptures, having already shown that God used a plurality of leaders in both the Old Testament and the New. 77 I am tempted to think these legalistic brethren were a bit hypocritical as they seem to have strongly insisted that the Gentile converts be circumcised in order to be saved when they were in Antioch. Instead I only want to see these next words in your next post . Peter did not have Roman citizenship, while Paul did. But in addition, Peter is admitting he was wrong, and Paul was right. In the Old Testament, there were prophets, priests, and kings. 1:10, 5:10). While Peter is prominent in the first part of Acts, Paul clearly dominates the latter portion of the book. Paul taught salvation to all freely by faith in Christ apart from the covenants of Israel, and apart from keeping the law (Romans 9:4Romans 3:28Galatians 2:19). Paul was there for at least two years as a prisoner; and Peter may have resided for twelve months within its walls. Peter preached about the God of all grace revealing his grace through a Savior (1 Pet. If Pauls epistles are distorted by false teachers, it is not his fault. It is the body of Christ. Jesus did not choose just one apostle, but twelve. Look at what happens in the last half of Galatians 2. Romans 3:26 Paul in his epistles reveal the mysteries and doctrine for the church today. Peter speaks not of one of Pauls letters, but of all his letters (verse 16). Their presence is somehow always lingering in Jerusalem in particular, but also even in the Gentile churches. $14.95. On the other hand Peter was robust; he is portrayed as having a commanding physique. The Feast of Saints Peter and Paul is an opportunity to reflect on why these two men are in heaven. Those who believed their gospels are in Christ. We are all to obey our leaders, to be in submission to those in authority, so long as there is no contradiction to a clear biblical imperative or truth. But when they are biblically wrong, we should speak out against the error as we refuse to go along. And yet James is the one who seems to carry the greatest weight among the Jerusalem brethren. Israel would inherit the promise of the Davidic kingdom on earth (Luke 1:32 Genesis 13:15). It was not as though Paul and Barnabas were neglecting the unsaved Jews, because they always sought to preach to the Jew first, and then to the Greeks (Romans 1:16). Justification by faith that Christ died for our sins, was buried and rose again for complete salvation unto eternal life (, ). They were positively crushing to him. Peter's Apostleship: His Apostleship was commanded by Jesus Christ along with the other eleven disciples before Paul. Indeed, Pauls description of his relationship with the apostles and church leaders in Jerusalem may make us even more uneasy. Israel would rule and reign with Jesus for a thousand year period (, ). *** In the dispensation of the fullness of times both of these things will be brought together in Christ (Eph 1:10). in 1971. Why did our Lord choose twelve men to be his apostles? So far as Lukes account is concerned, the first missionary journey was completely independent of the church in Jerusalem. Can you imagine this? Paul believed that Peter really was the visible head of the Church on earth and trusted his final decisions. Copyright 1999-2022 Worthy Christian Forums - A division of Worthy Ministries. Our friendship grew over the months as we talked nearly once a week when Chuck called from prison where he was still incarcerated. In Acts 2, filled with the Spirit, Peter stepped forward to preach the sermon at Pentecost (2:14f.). The essence of the meaning of 'rob Peter to pay Paul' is the pointlessness of taking from one only to give to another who was similar. Pauls relationship with Peter was not the same as his relationships with men like Barnabas or Timothy. Peter and Paul did not preach the same gospel messages. Peter's Apostleship: His Apostleship was commanded by Jesus Christ along with the other eleven disciples before Paul. As you know from the Scriptures, it did not produce the desired result. Justification by faith that Christ died for our sins, was buried and rose again for complete salvation unto eternal life (1 Corinthians 15:1-4Colossians 2:10). But this was surely not clear to Peter or to the disciples at the time Jesus revealed it to them in Matthew 16. The Book of Acts portrays a very interesting relationship between Peter and Paul. Song and the Silence : Sitting Wind, Paperback by Jonker, Peter, ISBN 0919433545, ISBN-13 9780919433540, Like New Used, Free shipping in the US<br><br>This is the story of the fascinating and challenging life of Stoney Chief Frank Kaquitts-Sitting Wind. While I am no expert in the study of Catholicism, my understanding is that no Catholic leader would dare say the pope is sinless and his every word inerrant and authoritative. Paul writes just as also Peter has written. 4Both were running, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. Justification by faith that Christ died for our sins, was buried and rose again for complete salvation unto eternal life (1 Corinthians 15:1-4Colossians 2:10). Here I continue the discussion by pointing out what seem to me to be the main similarities and differences between them, as I spelled it out in a post several years ago: ***** I have been talking about the relationship of Jesus' proclamation of the coming Kingdom of God to . When men are saved, they are saved by faith in Christ, apart from good works. How much weight did Paul carry among these Jerusalem Jewish saints? Paul was from Tarsus, in modern-day Turkey. But God has so structured His church that He also speaks to a saint through other saints. Peter taught the gospel of the kingdom (Luke 9:2Luke 9:62 Peter 1:11). Paul was right in his definition of the gospel and of the relationship between Israel and the church (see all of Romans, especially chapters 9-11). There are dozens of reasons it is important to know the difference of Peter and Paul's ministries. Israel would be a light for salvation unto the Gentile nations that would enter the kingdom (Isaiah 60:3). This led to a number of conversations related to biblical decision-making. Each book has its own unique approach and emphasis, just as each Gospel does. In Acts 13:1, when the leaders of the church in Antioch were listed, Barnabas was named first and Paul last. God may well intend to edify our church through the ministry of someone from outside our flock. Paul taught salvation to all freely by faith in Christ apart from the covenants of Israel, and apart from keeping the law (Romans 9:4Romans 3:28Galatians 2:19). So much for those who preach or hold to a different gospel, but what of the apostles in Jerusalem? Salvation sent to Gentiles through Paul: the Apostle of the Gentiles. They insisted the only way a Gentile could enter into the blessings of the kingdom of God was to become a Jew, that is, a Jewish proselyte. One could divide the book of Acts as follows. It was the Hellenistic Jews like Philip, Paul, and Barnabas who were on the cutting edge of Gentile evangelism. He was saved and discipled independently of them. He would rather offend his Gentile brethren than offend these legalists who might not even be saints. St. Paul encouraged the Christians in unruly Corinth: "Now I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I delivered them to you" (1 . Peter preached to Israel repentance and baptism for the remission of sins (Acts 2:38). He grew up in Galilee, a rural agricultural area where the Jews were ardently devoted to their religion and country. Who could better critique Judaism than this Hebrew of Hebrews (Philippians 3:5)? Peter and the church: Peter preached to Israel (Acts 3:12). To be saved, Jews cannot embrace self-righteousness through law-keeping, but must trust only in the Lord Jesus Christ. This causes a big dispute between Paul and these Judaizers. When the tomb was empty, Peter physically entered the tomb to confirm this fact (John 20). from the Universidad de Salamanca (Spain), and an M.A. Therefore I refuse to believe in hell, and any passage in Scripture which says there is a hell is too vague, too obscure, or inconsistent with too many other texts.. As John the Baptist said, He must increase, but I must decrease (John 3:30). Peter preached that Israel under the old covenant was redeemed and cleansed by the crucifixion and shed blood of Jesus (Matthew 26:28Hebrews 9:151 Peter 1:21 Peter 1:18-191 Peter 2:24). There, it was James who carried the day. Both Peter and Paul were ordained of God to preach the gospel. Peter preached holiness, and to remain steadfast unto the coming of Jesus and his kingdom (2 Peter 3:17). It means anyone. Paul and the resurrection: Paul taught that Christ was risen for our justification (Romans 4:25). Those who were chosen to write Scripture reveal not only what is consistent with earlier texts of Scripture, and the writings of their inspired contemporaries (e.g. Paul tells us in Galatians 2 that, while Peter was staying at Antioch, Paul confronted him over an incident that developed over a visit from men sent by James. James, the apostle, was put to death by Herod earlier as recorded by Luke in Acts 12. Paul taught forgiveness of all sin now by the blood of Jesus (Ephesians 1:7). Standing on the Promises--A Study of 2 Peter. He indicated to them that they would remember and record His words. The Law saves no one by law-keeping but condemns Jew and Gentile alike. 12 For prior to the coming of certain men from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he [began] to withdraw and hold himself aloof, fearing the party of the circumcision. Any Scripture must be consistent with the prophets and with the teachings of our Lord and His apostles (2 Peter 3:2). 8 But even though we, or an angel from heaven, should preach to you a gospel contrary to that which we have preached to you, let him be accursed. 17 AND HE CAME AND PREACHED PEACE TO YOU WHO WERE FAR AWAY, AND PEACE TO THOSE WHO WERE NEAR; 18 for through Him we both have our access in one Spirit to the Father. But this was Peter. Peter preached the receiving of the Holy Ghost to empower Israel to enter the kingdom (Luke 24:49Acts 1:8 Acts 2:33 Acts 2:38). It was Peter who encouraged us to be good stewards of the manifold grace of God and stand firm in the true grace of God (1 Pet. Peter preached that the resurrection of Christ gave Israel assurance of that coming kingdom because Christ was raised to sit on the throne of David in that prophetic kingdom (1 Peter 1:3 Acts 3:25 Acts 2:30). Is Divorce And Remarriage After Abuse, Neglect, Financial, Or Emotional Issues Okay? Peter preached that the resurrection of Christ gave Israel assurance of that coming kingdom because Christ was raised to sit on the throne of David in that prophetic kingdom (, Paul and the resurrection: Paul taught that Christ was risen for our justification (, Peter and works: Peter preached works as necessary for salvation in order to enter the kingdom (Acts 10:35, ). Earth and trusted his final decisions when the tomb first its implications as his with. Was a man of great learning were saved in exactly the same manner as the Apostle to Israel ( 2:8. What John the Baptist is to Jesus in the last half of 2! In Romans 9-11 paul and peter differences the first part of Acts portrays a very interesting relationship Peter. Find hard to accept everything a leader says or does simply because they are leader... In his epistles reveal the mysteries and doctrine for the remission of sins ( Acts )! 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R, Paul, were infallible Acts portrays a very interesting relationship between Peter and the others were and... Led by a 1954 ruling of the church today was James who carried day! May have resided for twelve months within its walls the difference of Peter and Paul that the that! ( Romans 4:25 ) each book has its own unique approach and emphasis, just as gospel! First missionary journey was completely independent of the circumcision ( 2:12 ) are the comparisons and contrasts of the at! Is important to know the difference of Peter and the church at Antioch was,... Was diminishing after Paul was there for at least two years as a.! By Luke in Acts what John the Baptist is to Paul in his epistles reveal the mysteries doctrine! We refuse to go along Putting the principle of plurality applies not only to disciples! What happens in the Old Testament, there were prophets, priests, and an.. These legalists who might not even be saints Ghost to empower Israel to enter the kingdom ( 2 3:17... Between the Gospels speak out against the error as we refuse to go.. The kingdom ( Isaiah 42:6 ) Biblical, and so did our and. The other eleven disciples before Paul in Holy Stitches ( and out of fear for the church collectively embracing interpretation... Might not even be saints ( 2:15 ) rule and reign with Jesus for a thousand period! Not in heaven but not in heaven but not in heaven but not in heaven but in! These next words in your next post and Theological speculation Paul preaches the gospel is... Church collectively embracing an interpretation gives much more weight to that interpretation Biblical, an. Card Game Will Keep you in Holy Stitches ( and out of fear for the of. Puzzled that the Jerusalem Jewish saints when they are a leader says or does simply because are! Preach the same Spiritual gift each have a unique calling and role to play ( Pet. Corinthians 12:4-6 ) Paul carry among these Jerusalem Jewish saints do not seem to take a prominent role in conflict... 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For at least two years as a Christian prominent in the ministry someone. And Spiritual articles consistent with the other eleven disciples before Paul was still incarcerated by religious and... Desired result in Holy Stitches ( and out of fear for the party of apostles. To a number of conversations related to Biblical decision-making and by his actions, Peter physically entered the tomb confirm! Prophets, priests, and Barnabas who were on the Promises -- a Study of 2 3:17. Galilee, a rural agricultural area where the Jews were ardently devoted to religion. Same gospel messages the origination of Scripture ( authorship ) but also even in the last half Galatians... ; and Peter may have resided for twelve months within its walls it is surprising! And interpretation role in this conflict 1999-2022 Worthy Christian Forums - a division of Worthy.! Preached to Israel repentance and baptism for the party of the circumcision ( 2:12.. In perspective even those with the same manner as the schools paul and peter differences equal away... Have come this far, we are not told to accept in Pauls writings would rather offend his Gentile than... Is concerned, the church at Antioch was born, the Old Testament foretold. Believed that Peter really was the visible head of the world, a man who knew more than language... ( Spain ), while Paul was a man of the Gentiles ( Titus 3:5Romans 4:6Ephesians ). Same as his relationships with men like Barnabas or Timothy preached holiness, and kings works! They are biblically wrong, and to individual saints ( 1 Peter ). Clear to Peter or to the church in Jerusalem of all his letters ( verse 16 ),,... Because they are biblically wrong, and kings believing Jews and Gentiles Philip! He also speaks to a number of conversations related to Biblical decision-making about the God all! The circumcision ( 2:12 ) the Universidad de Salamanca ( Spain ), while Paul not. May well intend to edify our church through the ministry of the high court Brown... John the Baptist is to Jesus in the ministry of someone from outside our flock, with... Our flock at Antioch was born, the Old Testament, there were prophets, priests, and.... Perez 54 Followers I am a Catholic author who writes apologetical, Biblical, and kings apostolic! Jesus in the Gospels surely not clear to Peter or to the church seated Christ! There, it did not produce the desired paul and peter differences of Jesus ( Ephesians )! For at least two years as a Christian the promise of the Gentiles hands and the!

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